Tuesday, August 31, 2021

The Fragility of New York's Subways

At some point, I will probably have a post about what happened to the power grid in New Orleans this weekend, but it's too soon to see what the flaws in the infrastructure were that led to the total collapse. 

So here's a lengthy article pointing out the flaws in New York's subway system; flaws that could lead to a complete shutdown if there's another disaster equivalent to Hurricane Sandy. 

But nearly nine years after the superstorm, dozens of other projects designed to strengthen the transit system against future catastrophic weather events remain unfinished — with the pandemic slowing some for months at a time, an examination by THE CITY found.

From erecting miles of protective walls around subway yards in Coney Island and Upper Manhattan, to finishing repairs along the Rockaway Line, to replacing a waterfront Staten Island Railway facility that flooded during the storm, the MTA’s nearly $8 billion federally funded Sandy repair program is a slow-moving work in progress, agency records show.

“We are not fully protected — Sandy was not a once-in-100-years storm and we could potentially get hit by another major storm at any time,” said Lisa Daglian, executive director of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee to the MTA. “The more protected we are, the better.”

Monday, August 30, 2021

Featured Links - August 30, 2021

Links to things I found interesting but didn't want to do a full blog post about.

Sunday, August 29, 2021

Photo of the Week - August 29, 2021

Another flower from our front yard.


 Fujifilm X-S10 with 16-80 mm. F4 @ 39 mm., 1/105 second at F16, ISO 3200, Astia film simulation

Friday, August 27, 2021

Some Photography Links - August 27, 2021

Here are some articles about cameras and photography.

Wednesday, August 25, 2021

Tackling Dune

I have been a fan of Frank Herbert's Dune (and some of its sequels) since I discovered the story in the pages of Analog in the mid-1960s. Dune is now recognized as one of the classics of the science fiction genre and a became a hot property for film directors. 

The latest attempt to film the movie, by Canadian director Denis Villeneuve, will premiere in Venice in a week or so. Here's an article interviewing Villeneuve and some of the film's scriptwriters who discuss the challenges of filming this epic novel. 

The audience for science fiction tends to skew male but with “Dune,” Villeneuve saw the opportunity to make a film with strong, fully rounded female characters, starting with Lady Jessica (Ferguson), the mother of Paul and a member of the Bene Gesserit.

"At the very beginning of the creative process, I remember Eric Roth asking me, ‘What is the most important element I should focus as I'm starting to write the first draft?’ I said, ‘Women,’ ” Villeneuve says. “There are so many things in the book that are so relevant and so prophetic but I felt that femininity should be up front. We needed to make sure that Lady Jessica is not an expensive extra.”

To further bring forward the book’s female characters, Villeneuve made the desert-dwelling warrior Chani, played by Zendaya, a significant presence in the film despite the fact that she doesn’t appear until the second half of Herbert’s novel.

“As the movie was evolving, Chani just kept growing and growing because I just was fascinated by Zendaya and her presence and how magnetic she was,” Villeneuve says. “ I shot more and more scenes with her. We improvised stuff. I was just so inspired by her.”

In one of the biggest departures from the novel, the film changes the gender of the character of Liet Kynes, a planetologist who has a deep understanding and love for Arrakis and its native people, the Fremen. In Herbert’s book, Kynes is a man but in the film she is a woman, played by British actress Sharon Duncan-Brewster.

I expect to see some outraged howls from the usual suspects about some of these changes, but I don't have a problem with them. I am very much looking forward to seeing it when it hits theatres in October. 

Tuesday, August 24, 2021

Life In the Age of Idiocracy

If the pandemic has made one thing clear, it's that we live in the age of stupid. In the past couple of weeks, my news feed has had several stories about prominent anti-vaccination and COVID-19 deniers who have died of the disease. Then there's the Trump faithful who still think he's going to be reinstated as president and who attend crowded rallies in red states with low vaccination rates without wearing a mask. 

We have a phrase for that. Too stupid to live. Or the phrase coined by Jerry Pournelle and Larry Niven, think of it as evolution in action. 

In the latest issue of Harper's, there's an interesting and profound essay by Garret Keizer titled "The Third Force". Here's one paragraph that really struck me.

Those who study stupidity as a psychological phenomenon have noted that conspicuously stupid acts often result from what Robert J. Sternberg calls “feelings of omniscience, omnipotence, and invulnerability.” No doubt traveling in a pack can supply the necessary lift, but some people manage it quite nicely on their own. The state in which I live is home to one of the more docile species of bears on the continent, yet in the past decade black bears have attacked at least two women who persisted, in spite of neighbors’ complaints and game wardens’ warnings, in feeding the bears from their porches. Then there was the fellow in Florida who was bitten while attempting to kiss a rattlesnake. Human and animal, tame and wild, crazy and sane—these people are above such trivial distinctions, no small thanks to the civilization they have also fancied transcending. A Paleolithic ancestor who attempted to feed a bear or kiss a venomous reptile would have cut short his contributions to the gene pool; a postmodern contemporary who does the same things can count on being medevaced to the nearest facility that will accept his heath-insurance card. Book deal to follow. As a rule, liberals love Darwin, but as a matter of social policy they generally caucus on the anti-evolution side. One of the ironies of stupidity in its conservative and libertarian forms is its dogged opposition to the very safety net that stands between an imbecile and the harsher effects of natural selection. “Without all this government interference, I’d be free!” My friend, what you’d be is food.

And this:

If we accept that stupidity comes from a loss of reality, and if we acknowledge that reality asserts itself most reliably through that creative interplay of mind and matter called work, then might one step toward our liberation from collective stupidity be a militant insistence on full, remunerative, and purposeful employment, the lack of which accounts for much of the simmering grievance that demagogues like Trump feed on? (If we could see the complete work histories of half the sad-sack insurrectionists who stormed the Capitol last Epiphany, we’d have a more illuminating epiphany than most of us deserve.) Marx located the origins of modern stupidity in a system of production that alienated workers from their tools and turned them into tools themselves. Is it possible to return the tools to their hands and to their rightful possession? The deniers of reality are always the first to call such a project “entirely unrealistic”—and perhaps it is, if only because their numb certainty makes it so.

Monday, August 23, 2021

Featured Links - August 23, 2021

Links to things I found interesting but didn't want to do a full blog post about.



Sunday, August 22, 2021

Photo of the Week - August 22, 2021

I didn't notice the bee when I took the picture. Happy serendipity.










Fujifilm X-S10 with 16-80 mm. F4, 1/240 second at F4, ISO 800 

Friday, August 20, 2021

Layla Revisited Is Great

A couple of years ago I watched the webcast of the Tedeschi Trucks Band with Trey Anastasio and Doyle Bramlett II play the entire Layla and Other Love Songs album live. They played with a deep knowledge of and love for the music and it showed. It was an amazing performance, truly one of the best I've seen in many years.  

They've now released it on streaming services and I can't recommend it enough.

You can find videos of several of the songs on YouTube. I recommend watching them just to see the interaction between the players during the songs. It's clear, as mentioned in this Relix interview with Trucks, Tedeschi, and Anastasio, that they were really enjoying themselves.

Thursday, August 19, 2021

TikTok Spreads COVID-19 Disinformation

I've seen quite a bit of press about how Facebook and YouTube lead to radicalization and spread disinformaion, especially about COVID-19. Now it seems that we have another disinformation vector: TikTok. 

On Wednesday, Media Matters published new research findings that suggest that, despite community guidelines that specifically prohibit the spread of health misinformation, TikTok’s algorithm frequently amplifies lies about COVID-19 and vaccines to the platform’s 1 billion-strong user base.

During the course of its research into Covid-19 misinformation on the platform, Media Matters engaged with anti-vaccination and COVID-19 misinformation by watching relevant videos all the way through and liking them. Sure enough, the positive engagement had the effect of filling the account’s “For You Page”—TikTok’s landing page for algorithmically recommended content—with videos that almost exclusively featured anti-vaccination and COVID-19 hoax content.

In its report, Media Matters also kept tabs on 18 specific vaccine misinformation videos and found that at the conclusion of its research, those videos had garnered a combined total of more than 57 million total views. The tracked content reportedly included a video that told viewers that “your children and elderly that are not vaccinated will be removed permanently from your home,” (3.9 million views) and a video promoting a hoax about “vaccine bandits” who will “walk up to you on the street and they ask if you’re vaccinated and if you hesitate at all, they inject you with a vaccine right on the spot,” (6.3 million views).


Wednesday, August 18, 2021

Some Forthcoming Science Fiction and Fantasy Adaptations

We've reached a point where it's possible to film anything you can think of. That coupled with the rise of long-form TV series has brought adaptations of major science fiction and fantasy novels to the screen: Game of Thrones, The Expanse, and Good Omens to name just a few. 

But there's more and maybe better coming to both television and the big screen. This Buzzfeed article lists fifteen adaptations now in production or scheduled to be produced in the near future. It's an amazing list. Here are some of the ones I'm looking forward to:

  • Dune (film and HB) Max)
  • Foundation (Apple TV+)
  • The Wheel of Time (Amazon Prime)
  • The Sandman (Netflix)
  • House of Dragons (HBO Max)
  • Lord of the Rings (Amazon Prime)

Monday, August 16, 2021

Featured Links - August 16, 2021

Links to things I found interesting but didn't want to do a full blog post about. 



  • Boeing to ground Starliner indefinitely until valve issue solved. "I know this is very, very hard on our NASA and Boeing teams."
  • Climate crisis: Scientists spot warning signs of Gulf Stream collapse. "A shutdown would have devastating global impacts and must not be allowed to happen, researchers say."
  • Champagne moment as supernova captured in detail for the first time. Researchers record the earliest moments of a supernova as a shockwave blasts its way through a star. 
  • Watch: Pentangle – Full Concert For Belgian TV From 1972. This is wonderful. Pentangle were perhaps the best of the early British folk groups. I regret I never saw them perform live though I eventually did see three of the members in other settings.
  • Greenhouse gas emissions must peak within 4 years, says leaked UN report. "Group of scientists release draft IPCC report as they fear it will be watered down by governments."
  • New Evidence Shows That Gus Grissom Did Not Accidentally Sink His Own Spacecraft 60 Years Ago. "Careful analysis of the recovery film showed it was static electricity that doomed the Liberty Bell 7."
  • Sunday, August 15, 2021

    Photo of the Week - August 15, 2021

    Here's a picture of the Bay Ridges plaza. I was experimenting with the HDR mode on the camera. I thought it turned out reasonably well considering how extreme the sunlight was.

    Fujifilm X-S10 with 16-80 mm. F4 @ 16 mm., F8 at 1/400 second, ISO 400, Acros film simulation with Red filter, HDR Plus mode.  

    For comparison, here's a picture teken with my cell phone in similar light. As you can see the camera photo shows much more shadow detail.




     

    Saturday, August 14, 2021

    Kind of Busy

    For various reasons, I seem to be a bit busy right now. Posts may be sparse until the end of the month or thereabouts.  

    Friday, August 13, 2021

    How the Pandemic Will End

    We are now officially in the fourth wave of the pandemic, according to Canadian health experts. It seems like it will never end, but it will eventually, although that doesn't mean that COVID-19 will be gone completely. Pulitzer-prize-winning journalist writes about the end state of the pandemic in another excellent article in The Atlantic. 

    Here's what he has to say in his Twitter feed about the article.

    The bottom line: Vaccines remain the best way for *individuals* to protect themselves, but *societies* can't treat them as the only defense. Delta is so transmissible that vacc'n can blunt it, but we still need masks & the rest.

    The endgame is endemicity—the virus will still be here but won’t cause as much damage due to widespread immunity. Most people will meet it. The goals are: ensure as many as poss do so after 2 vax doses; and spread the other infections out. 

     There’s more in the piece, which has 3 parts

    Part 1 is NOW: where we current are, how vaccines are holding up against Delta, whether vaxed people can transmit, why the current surge is happening, mask mandates, vax mandates, schools, and more. 

    Part 2 is NEXT: what happens when this surge subsides, what the pandemic endgame actually is, and what the point of vaccination is, and why we still need other precautions.

    Part 3 is EVENTUALLY: what happens when we reach the endpoint, and how to build something that leaves us better prepared for respiratory infections more generally. 

     As usual, I recommend reading Yong's article. He is one of the best and most insightful journalists covering the pandemic.

    Thursday, August 12, 2021

    Canada's Worst-in-Class Internet Plans

    Canada is a pretty good country to live in. We have a high standard of living, a decent educational and medical system, and a reasonably stable political system. It's a nice place to be if you can stand the winters and don't mind paying some of the world's highest prices for mobile internet access. 

    And if the government has its way, we may have one of the most controlled internet access, comparable to China and other totalitarian states, all in the name of protecting us from "harmful content". 

    In a Medium article, Cory Doctorow, rips into the government's current plans.

    • A requirement to remove “lawful-but-awful” speech that is allowed under Canadian law, but effectively also now banned under Canadian law;
    • 24-hour deadlines for removal, guaranteeing that platforms will not have time to conduct a thorough analysis of speech before it is censored;
    • A de-facto requirement for platforms to install algorithmic filters to (mis)identify and remove prohibited expression;
    • Huge penalties for failing to remove banned speech — and no penalties for erroneously taking down permitted speech — which guarantees that platforms will shoot first and probably not bother to ask questions later;
    • Mandatory reporting of potentially harmful content (and the users who post it) to law enforcement and national security agencies;
    • A Chinese-style national firewall that will block websites that refuse to comply;
    • Far-reaching data-retention policies that only the largest companies will be able to afford, which will create immortal, leaky repositories of kompromat on every Canadian internet user.

    This is truly awful stuff, mostly unenforceable in practice, and which will leave Canadians wide open to abuse by corporations and governments. I've seen very little notice of this in Canadian mainstream media. I'm definitely going to have to pay more attention to what's going on.  

    Wednesday, August 11, 2021

    COVID-19 and Compassion Fatigue

    More than a year and a half into the pandemic and it looks like we are at the beginning of a fourth wave. This time, it's largely driven by illness in the unvaccinated, although those of us who are vaccinated still have to worry about breakthrough infections. 

    I've seen quite a few articles (most of them, like this one, from US media) about people who have been vehemently anti- vaccination getting sick and realizing on their deathbed that they made a bad, bad choice. I have absolutely no sympathy for them. 

    So who should we have compassion for? The people who wind up in the ER after refusing to get vaccinated? Or the healthcare workers working around the clock to save their lives? For the hurt feelings of the anti-vaxxers who feel looked down upon? Or the children being hospitalized because a preventable pandemic is raging out of control again?

    In a perfect world, we’d feel compassion for all of them. Every life is precious. But it’s been a long 18 months with a lot of tragedy and we’re only human. We’re at the point—passed it, really—where compassion is becoming a finite resource.

    Eventually, we’re all going to get fatigued and the compassion will run out. I say this not in celebration, but lament. Because this, too, was a preventable tragedy.

    What limited compassion I have left is reserved for the unvaccinated ill who haven't been vaccinated for medical reasons or because they simply haven't been able to get a shot (although at this stage of the pandemic, that shouldn't be a real reason, at least in Canada). 

    Author John Scalzi discusses this in more detail in a recent blog post titled How  Bad Should We Feed When the Willfully Unvaccinated Die?

    This comes up because over the last few weeks there’s been an uptick in news stories about people who chose not to be vaccinated dying of COIVD, and on their deathbeds — or alternately, just before an intubation robbed them of the ability to meaningfully communicate with others — they expressed regret for not having got a vaccination earlier, which statistically speaking would have very likely kept them from dying. The story noted above is representative: Right-wing media personality Dick Farrel, who spent time on his radio show railing against the COVID vaccine for all the usual right-wing reasons, died of the virus and apparently told a friend before his demise that he wished he had gotten the vaccine. By then, of course, it was too late.

    Dick Farrel didn’t have to die. He knew a vaccine existed, he presumably had access to the data that showed its efficacy in preventing the disease taking hold in the large majority of people, and minimizing the damage it does in the minority who still contracted the virus despite vaccination. Yet he affirmatively chose not to get the vaccine, and he went out of his way to convince others not to get the vaccine as well. He’s dead now, felled by a virus whose worst damage he could have easily avoided. How bad should we feel about his death?

    Indeed, here in the second half of 2021, how bad should we feel about the COVID-related death of anyone who still chooses not to get vaccinated — with the full knowledge of the consequences of contracting COVID, and the spread of the rather-more-infectious Delta variant of the disease, and the ease of acquiring a shot (which here in the US is free to get, incidentally)? Is there a certain point where one throws up one’s hands, says, “well, you knew better, didn’t you?” and washes one’s hands of them?

    As with so many things in this world, I think it depends.

    Scalzi has somewhat more sympathy than I do for those who have been brainwashed by the right-wing media cesspool. As for those who should know better and spread the disinformation that's led to this growing disaster (especially those in the media and government), I have absolutely no sympathy for them and quite a bit of anger. It may not be very Christian of me, but I'm not a Christian. Neither is the virus. 

    Tuesday, August 10, 2021

    We're Running Out of Time

    The latest IPCC report on climate change is out, and it's not good news. The Earth is warming, and unless we get serious about reducing greenhouse gases now, we are in for a world of pain. 

    The report has been getting quite a bit of media coverage. Here are some of the better articles that I found.

    I'm sure there will be much more coverage in the near future. But will it result in concrete actions? Maybe, but I remain pessimistic. 

    Monday, August 09, 2021

    Featured Links - August 9, 2021

    Links to things I found interesting but didn't want to do a full blog post about.


    Sunday, August 08, 2021

    Photo of the Week - August 8, 2021

    This is a felled tree in the Rouge River valley, part of the massive Rouge Park between Toronto and Pickering. 

    Fujifilm X-S10 with 16-80 mm. F4 at 16 mm., F11 at 1/100 second, ISO 800

     

    Saturday, August 07, 2021

    The Spectacular Demise of Lake Agassiz

    Geologists have known for some time that a giant flood occurred in the US Northwest when a glacial lake burst its banks. I wasn't aware that an even bigger flood happened in the middle of Canada caused by Glacial Lake Agassiz. Perhaps we'll get a Nature of Things documentary about it one of these days.

    A flood of epic proportions drained at a rate of more than 800 Olympic swimming pools per second from a glacial lake that spanned the Prairie provinces more than 12,000 years ago, according to a University of Alberta-led study.

    The finding bolsters a theory that the event may have propelled the warming Earth back into an ice age.

    Geologists have long known of an ancient lake, Glacial Lake Agassiz, that occupied as many as 1.5 million square kilometers of what is now southern Manitoba and central Saskatchewan, up to the Alberta border. The lake formed as the three-kilometer-thick Laurentide Ice Shield atop the northern half of North America began to melt about 16,000 years ago, creating a dam that prevented would-be meltwaters from making their way to Hudson Bay.

    Geomorphological evidence from northern Alberta also suggests that at some point that lake suddenly spilled out to the northwest along a major channel referred to as the Clearwater-Athabasca Spillway, through what is now Fort McMurray, Alta., into the Mackenzie River basin en route to the Arctic Ocean.

    Friday, August 06, 2021

    Brownsville, We Have a Problem

    There's been a lot of attention focused on SpaceX and their Boca Chica spaceship factory and launch site as they prepare for the first orbital launch of their new booster and spacecraft. The expansion of their facilities has not been without friction, and it's affecting the small town of Brownsville. This article looks at what SpaceX means to the town and how it's struggling to cope with the rapid expansion of the nearby SpaceX facilities. 

    For Cameron County and Brownsville, Musk's money is a bit like his rockets. The Starship prototype was a gleaming vision for the future of space exploration, but its explosion was devastating to the natural environment. Musk's determination to build a spaceport and town that will one day launch hundreds of people to Mars has brought with it the promise of jobs, economic revitalization and an influx of wealth to one of the poorest and least-connected places in America. But the investment will also bring wealthy outsiders to a culturally vibrant, family-oriented border town that is proud of its history and the people who've lived there for generations, a town full of people skeptical that the money and prestige Musk is offering might be anything more than a poison pill.

    SpaceX's investment likely does mean a change in economic status and power for Brownsville. But the money and vision of the world's second-richest man could also upend the culture and values that make Brownsville special to its community, a fear that has riven the people of this usually quiet place.

    Thursday, August 05, 2021

    Forcing Dark Mode in Android

    My widespread family uses Facebook Messenger to keep in touch. I prefer to use Messenger Lite instead of the full Messenger app because the "reactions" in the full app drive me crazy. I'm always posting emoji replies to messages by mistake and sometimes they're not appropriate. But Messenger Lite doesn't have a dark mode, unless you use Facebook Lite, and I'm using the full Facebook app.

    Even though Android 11 has a system-wide dark mode setting, Messenger Lite doesn't respect it (along with several other apps - more about that later). 

    After my latest round of frustration with Messenger, I did some more googling and found that Android has a setting to force dark mode. However, you have to enable Developer options first. 

    On my Pixel 4a, the setting to force dark mode is in Developer Options uner Hardware Accelerated Rendering as "Override force-dark".

    Turning that on will give you dark mode in Messenger Lite. There is one issue that I found after turning my phone off for the night. It's not a persistent setting. You have to enable it each time you restart your phone. It's a bit of a pain but I guess I can live with it. I could probably automate it with something like If This Then That, but it's too much trouble right now.

    Of course, it also affects other apps. I found a problem with my SwiftKey keyboard. I use a high-contrast keyboard, and forcing dark mode made some of the keys (like shift and backspace) invisible. I had to go into the SwiftKey settings and find another theme (Magnetite isn't ideal but works). 

    Some apps, like the New York Times app, still don't respect dark mode even with the override. However, opening the Times site in Firefox works OK. Chrome still insists on ignoring dark mode, which I find odd, although its Simplified View setting works on some sites. 

    Wednesday, August 04, 2021

    Starbase Tour with Elon Musk

    I've been watching some of the incredible videos being produced by fans of SpaceX down at the Boca Chica facility that SpaceX hyperbolically named "Starbase". 

    Last night, I saw what has to be the ultimate such video - a tour of Starbase produced by Tim Dodd, the Everyday Astronaut, with none other than Elon Musk as the tour guide.  It's a wonderful video and gives some real insight into how Musk thinks and some of his plans for the future. 

    According to Dodd, the interview/tour is about two hours long, and he's split it up into three parts, the first6 of which is now up on YouTube.  Here is part 1. I can't wait to see the rest of it.

    Movie and TV Reviews - July 2021

    Here are some short reviews of things I watched in July. It's baseball season, so there won't be as much as usual.

    Movies

    • The Tomorrow War: Another time travel war story but this one makes even less sence than Edge of Tomorrow. Not recommended at all. (Amazon Prime)
    • Cosmic Sin: Bruce Willis continues his slide into irrelevance. Another waste of time. Just watch Die Hard again. (Netflix)
    • The Color of Magic: This is one of the three adaptations of Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels made about a decade ago for British TV. It's light fantasy, but because it's Pratchett, it has a bite to it. Recommended. (Acorn TV)
    • Hogfather: The third of the Terry Pratchett adaptations that we watched. I think this was the first one to be produced and it shows. It's a satire about Christmas (called Hogwatch in the Discworld series) and it was somewhat uneven but redeemed by the quality of the acting, especially Ian Richardson as Death (Acorn TV). 
    • Akhnaten. This is a new production of Glass's masterpiece by Opéra Nice Côte d'Azur. It's not as lavish as the Metropolitan Opera version and incorporates more abstract staging and orchestral interludes, reminiscent of the staging in Einstein on the Beach. I liked it, although I wish it had a full 5.1 audio mix. 

    TV Shows

    • Bosch (Season 7): Another light mystery series with twisty plots and enough characterization to bring it over the potboiler level. It's set in New Zealand but could just as easily be Australia or Canada. (Acorn TV)
    • Russia: Empire of the Tsars. A three-part series that covers Russian history from the 17th century to the Russian revolution. It's not a period of history I know much about, and I found it quite fascinating. 
    • Nova: The Ship That Changed the World. The excavation of a 17th-century Swedish ship reveals clues about the ships that launched the Age of Exploration. (PBS)
    • Catastrophe - Asteroid Impact. Somewhat schlocky, but it did have some very interested and new to me footage of gas gun impact testing and supercomputer simulations. (YouTube)

    Tuesday, August 03, 2021

    Recreating Vintage Computer Toys

    I've posted here before about my cousin, Michael Gardi, who has used his time in retirement to recreate several vintage computer toys from the dawn in the computing era.

    Mike has been interviewed by Mark Fraunfelder, editor at Boing Boing and co-host of the Cool Tools podcast with Kevin Kelly, for his new newsletter The Magnet.

    It's an interesting interview and shows the value of parents giving their kids toys that are both fun to play with and make them think. 

    Mark: Why are you interested in recreating classic computer-like educational devices and toys?

    Michael: In 1965, I was 12 years old. And I got the Digi-Comp I from my parents as a Christmas present. And it was pretty much a perfect gift for a kid interested in computers, where computers of the day were mysterious and cost millions of dollars and lived in big rooms. It was a great gift. And I learned Boolean logic, and octal and hex notation systems, and a little bit of logical thinking. I'm not saying that was the only reason I ended up studying computer science and having a nice career writing software, but it was certainly a contributing factor.